Jan. 6 committee subpoenas Donald Trump. Does he have to comply?

The congressional committee investigating the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol voted on Thursday to subpoena former President Donald Trump, who they say instigated the violence in an attempt to overturn his 2020 election defeat.

Trump is not likely to cooperate with the committee’s demand to provide documents and testimony under oath, as he has fought similar demands in the past. In a posting on his Truth Social network, he dismissed the committee as “a laughing stock.”

The Republican has urged his associates not to cooperate with the probe and has argued that a former president has a right to keep conversations and material confidential under a legal doctrine called executive privilege.

Nevertheless, the subpoena will add to Trump’s growing list of legal woes. He already faces civil and criminal charges in New York regarding his business activities, and federal and state investigations regarding the 2020 election. He also faces a federal criminal investigation over his handling of government documents

Yes. An 1857 law says failure to comply with a congressional subpoena for testimony or documents is punishable by one to 12 months imprisonment.

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First, the House of Representatives or the Senate must vote to hold a noncompliant witness in “contempt of Congress” and refer that person to the U.S. Justice Department for criminal prosecution.

The Justice Department then decides whether to bring criminal charges.

4:14 Jan. 6 committee votes to subpoena former president Donald Trump

Trump’s former chief strategist, Steve Bannon, faces up to two years in prison and a fine of up to US$200,000 after being found guilty of contempt of Congress for defying a subpoena from the Jan. 6 committee. He is due to be sentenced on Oct. 21.

Another former Trump adviser, Peter Navarro, has also been charged with contempt of Congress and faces trial in November.

Federal prosecutors have opted not to charge two other former Trump aides, Mark Meadows and Dan Scavino, after the House voted to hold them in contempt.

Trump could appear for a closed-door deposition but refuse to answer questions, invoking his right to avoid self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

According to Republican Representative Liz Cheney, more than 30 witnesses have taken that approach.

Among them: former Trump national security adviser Michael Flynn; political adviser Roger Stone; election lawyer John Eastman, and Jeffrey Clark, a former Justice Department official who pressed Trump to name him attorney general to help overturn the election.

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Alternatively, Trump could try to run out the clock.

Trump could fight the subpoena in court, as he has done in other battles with Congress, or try to negotiate the terms of his cooperation.

The committee is expected to wrap up its work by the end of the year, which gives them only a few months to secure Trump’s testimony or conclude that he is stonewalling them and hold a contempt vote. The full House is not expected to convene until after the Nov. 8 midterm elections, so a criminal referral is not likely before then.

Republicans are expected to win control of the House in the Nov. 8 elections, and they have almost unanimously opposed the committee’s work. They are likely to withdraw the subpoena if they take control of the chamber in January.