Africa to be declared free of wild polio

Nigerian Gbemisola Ijigbamigbe’s right leg was virtually paralyzed after she contracted wild polio aged 11 months. Now the 28-year-old leads an active life as a wheelchair basketball player and also enjoys swimming and kayaking.

“Polio is not a death sentence,” she told Reuters, smiling.

Thousands of people across Africa still live with the effects of the disease, but on Tuesday the World Health Organization (WHO) is expected to declare the region free of endemic wild polio, four years after the last case was recorded in Nigeria.

Health officials are set to announce that all 47 countries in the WHO’s Africa region have eradicated the crippling viral disease that attacks the nervous system and can cause irreversible paralysis within hours.

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Children under five are the most vulnerable, but people can be fully protected with preventative vaccines. To keep the virus at bay, population immunization coverage rates must be high and constant surveillance is crucial.

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Globally, wild polio case numbers have been cut drastically due to national and regional immunization for babies and children. The disease remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan, however.

“Until wild poliovirus is eradicated everywhere, it’s still a risk everywhere,” Michael Galway, a polio expert at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, told Reuters, urging continued vigilance.

“There’s nothing that prevents the virus from making the route from Pakistan and Afghanistan to Africa,” he said.

“Inside I would cry”

Ijigbamigbe, who is based in Nigeria’s commercial capital Lagos, looks back on a childhood that was blighted by the emotional pain of wearing over-sized clothes to hide her difficulty walking.

“I was… trying to mask my emotions so that whatever you say does not get to me. But inside… I would cry,” she recalls, her pronounced limp hinting at her condition.

The WHO estimates that 1.8 million children have been saved from life-long paralysis from wild polio.

Yet despite Tuesday’s expected announcement at a videoconferencing event, a vaccine-derived strain of the disease — which can infect people where there is only partial vaccination and results in the same symptoms as the wild form —continues to circulate in Africa.

“We must stay vigilant and keep up vaccination rates to avert a resurgence of the wild poliovirus and address the continued threat of the vaccine-derived polio,” said Dr Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa.

Vaccine-derived poliovirus cases can occur when the weakened live virus in the oral polio vaccine passes among under-immunized populations and eventually changes to a form that can cause paralysis.

The 16 countries in Africa affected by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks include Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Zambia.

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Usman Yusuf — a member of Nigeria’s National Association of Polio Survivors who contracted the disease aged 3 — welcomed wild polio’s eradication from Africa.

Speaking after refereeing a soccer game played by polio survivors sitting on wheeled boards and propelled by their arms, Yusuf said he looked forward to an end to all polio one day.

“We are affected. We don’t expect our children and our younger ones to follow the same route.”