The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Thursday announced sweeping new restrictions on flavoured tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes popular among teenagers in an effort to prevent a new generation of nicotine addicts.
The much-anticipated announcement will mean that only tobacco, mint and menthol e-cigarette flavours can be sold at most traditional retail outlets such as convenience stores. Other fruity- or sweet-flavoured varieties can now only be sold at age-restricted stores or through online merchants that use age-verification checks.
The FDA also plans to seek a ban on menthol cigarettes, a longtime goal of public health advocates, as well as flavoured cigars.
FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said the moves are meant to prevent young people from continuing to use e-cigarettes, potentially leading to traditional cigarette smoking.
“I will not allow a generation of children to become addicted to nicotine through e-cigarettes,” Gottlieb said.
The agency has faced mounting pressure to act on e-cigarettes amid their surging popularity among U.S. teenagers in recent years. One of the most popular devices, made by San Francisco-based Juul Labs Inc, has become a phenomenon at U.S. high schools, where “Juuling” has become synonymous with vaping.
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E-cigarettes vaporize a liquid containing nicotine, the addictive stimulant that gives smokers a rush. They are widely believe to be less harmful than combustible cigarettes, but the long-term health consequences of using the devices are unknown.
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Data released Thursday by the FDA and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed a 78 per cent increase in high school students who reported using e-cigarettes in the last 30 days, compared with the prior year.
More than 3 million high school students, or more than 20 per cent of all U.S. high school students, used the products, along with 570,000 middle school students, according to the survey.
Fierce resistance
Juul and tobacco giant Altria Group Inc had announced measures to pull flavoured e-cigarette products from retail outlets, after the FDA threatened in September to ban Juul and other leading e-cigarette products unless their makers took steps to prevent use by minors.
E-cigarettes have been a divisive topic in the public health community. Some focus on the potential benefit of shifting lifelong smokers to less harmful nicotine products, while others fear it will create a new generation addicted to nicotine.
Last year the FDA under Gottlieb extended until 2022 a deadline for many e-cigarette products to comply with new federal rules on marketing and public health. Today’s restrictions on flavours are interim measures that companies must follow before submitting detailed plans before the deadline.
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The new rules on e-cigarette flavours mean that many of the sweet and fruity varieties believed to be most popular among minors will only be available in stores such as vape shops or tobacco shops that do not allow under-age people inside.
Stores could also have a separate, age-restricted section that allows sale of other flavours, the FDA said.
The agency cited survey data showing that mint and menthol flavours were more popular with adult e-cigarette users than teenagers.
Anti-tobacco and public health groups commended the FDA on its proposed ban on menthol cigarettes, which data show are far more popular among young smokers and particularly young African-Americans.
Any move to ban menthol is expected to face fierce resistance from the tobacco industry.
Menthol cigarettes represent more than 30 per cent of U.S. cigarette volumes and approximately 55 percent of British American Tobacco Plc’s U.S. volumes, through its Newport brand, according to a research note from AllianceBernstein earlier this week.
The FDA must go through a rulemaking process, which requires significant public comment before finalizing any regulation on menthols.
Representatives from British American Tobacco, Altria, Juul and other tobacco companies did not respond to requests for comment.