More than a million Canadian children are living in low-income households, according to census data.
Census information released by Statistics Canada Wednesday shows that in 2015, nearly 1.2 million children across Canada were living in low-income households, representing about 17 per cent of all Canadian children.
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Children account for nearly one quarter of all low-income Canadians, and while their share of the population has decreased since the mid-1990s, their share of the low-income population has decreased faster, according to Statistics Canada – something it attributes to family-related benefit programs among other factors.
The agency defined low income as after-tax household income that is less than half of the median household income: so below $22,133 for a single-person household, or $44,266 for a four-person household. This means that the cut-off would change as overall median incomes rise or fall.
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More kids, less money
The more children a household has, the more likely it is to be low-income, according to the census data. And the younger a child is, the more likely they are to be living in poverty – something Statistics Canada says is linked to new mothers’ earnings typically dropping the year that they give birth and for several years thereafter.
But one of the biggest contributing factors to poverty is whether the child lives in a single-parent or dual-parent household.
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Nearly two in five children in a single-parent household are low-income, compared to just 11 per cent of children in a two-parent household.
“If you’re a lone-parent family there’s less likely to be two adult earners in the family for example and that can make a difference in terms of household income,” said Andrew Heisz, assistant director of Statistics Canada’s income statistics division. “And if there’s more children, then that income is being spread among more people.”
Most children in lone-parent families live with their mother. Unfortunately, 42 per cent of those children live in poverty, compared to just 25.5 per cent among children who live with their father.
Maritime poverty
Children in Atlantic Canada are most likely to be living in low-income households: more than one in five in all Maritime provinces. There is one Atlantic success story though – in 2005, one quarter of children in Newfoundland and Labrador were in low income households. A decade later, it’s 18 per cent.
This is due to the province’s huge growth in median incomes – 29 per cent over 10 years, said Heisz. “When the median income rises that much in a particular area, it stands to reason that you could see an interesting decrease in the low income rate.”
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Alberta, which has the highest median household income among Canadian provinces, also has the lowest proportion of low-income children. However, Quebec, which is one of the lowest-income provinces, has the second-lowest number of low-income children.
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Statistics Canada thinks this may be partly due to Quebec’s generous child benefits and lower child care costs, but it could be a result of a variety of things. “There could be differences in government transfers. There could be differences in the labour market participation of parents,” said Heisz.
Among Canadian cities, Windsor, Saint John and London had the highest portion of children living in poverty, and Calgary, Saguenay and Quebec City the lowest.
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