Bank of Canada faces political pressure to hold rates. But will it matter?

Two premiers have sent letters to Bank of Canada governor Tiff Macklem urging the central bank to halt interest rate hikes ahead of its next rate decision Wednesday.

Ontario Premier Doug Ford sent a letter on Sunday saying families and businesses cannot afford the “crushing impact of further rate hikes,” echoing a letter British Columbia Premier David Eby sent on Thursday.

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Associate professor and founding director of McGill University’s Max Bell School of Public Policy, Christopher Ragan says it’s “unfortunate” that the premiers felt that sending these letters was useful.

“It’s pretty easy to find people that will argue that the (central) bank shouldn’t raise interest rates anymore,” Ragan said.

But having premiers send letters to the governor “invariably brings in a political element” to the debate, he said.

The Bank of Canada is an independent institution that receives its mandate from the federal government and is responsible for maintaining a two per cent inflation target.

It’s set to make its next interest rate decision Wednesday and is widely expected to hold its key rate steady as the economy begins to buckle under the weight of higher interest rates.

The Bank of Canada has aggressively raised interest rates since March 2022 to clamp down on decades-high inflation, including raises at its last two meetings in June and July in response to a hot economy.

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But over the summer, more signs have emerged that the economy is actually slowing down: the unemployment rate has been on the rise and real gross domestic product unexpectedly contracted in the second quarter.

These signs have convinced most forecasters that the central bank will stay on the sidelines this week, holding its key interest rate at 5.0 per cent — the highest it’s been since 2001.

The central bank has faced opposition for its rate hikes from labour groups and some policy thinkers who argue that the suffering the rate hikes will cause workers exceeds the benefits.

Politicians have also weighed in on the Bank of Canada’s operations over the last couple of years.

Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre has attacked the Bank of Canada for its policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic and vowed to fire Macklem if his party forms government.

Meanwhile, NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh has argued the Bank of Canada’s approach to inflation is “wrong,” calling its key interest rate a “blunt” instrument.

The political critiques have raised concerns about interference into the Bank of Canada and questions about how elected officials should approach discussing the central bank’s policies.

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Ragan said monetary policy shouldn’t be protected from the type of criticism other policies face, but history shows that central banks that are not independent from government are more likely to make policy choices that fuel inflation.

Instead of debating its day-to-day operations, Ragan said elected officials should focus on debating what the Bank of Canada’s mandate should be.

The central bank’s mandate dictates what the target inflation rate should be, for example, and could stipulate other priorities for the institution.

“I think that is a very important place where government, elected officials get involved. But then once you’ve established what the mandate is, I think there’s a real advantage in just letting the central bank do its job,” he said.