Lightning — once one of nature’s biggest killers — is claiming far fewer lives in the United States, mostly because Americans are learning to get out of the way.
In the 1940s, when there were fewer people, lightning killed more than 300 people annually. So far this year, 13 people have died after being struck, on pace for a record low of 17 deaths.
Taking the growing population into account, the lightning death rate has shrunk more than forty-fold since record-keeping began in 1940.
These trends are consistent in Canada as well, with lightning-related deaths falling from 2.4 deaths per million in the 1930s, to just 0.11 deaths from 1999-2003.
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People seem to be capturing the phenomenon more on camera than before, making it seem like something new and sizzling is going on in the air. Separate videos last month of a Florida lifeguard and an airport worker being hit by lightning went viral. Both survived.
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Lightning strikes have not changed — they hit about the same amount as they used to, said Pennsylvania State University meteorology professor Paul Markowski.
A big difference: Fewer people are outside during bad weather.
“As a society we spend less time outside,” said Harold Brooks, a scientist at the National Weather Service’s National Severe Storms Laboratory. “Especially farmers. There aren’t just many farmers around.”
Decades ago, farmers would be in fields and were the tallest object, making them most likely to get hit, said National Weather Service lightning safety specialist John Jensenius Jr.
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That helps explain the drop in yearly lightning deaths from about 329 in the 1940s to about 98 in the 1970s. The numbers have kept plunging since. From 2007-2016, average yearly deaths dropped to 31.
Improved medical care also has played a key role, including wider use of defibrillators and more CPR-trained bystanders.
When Dr. Mary Ann Cooper started out in the emergency room in the 1970s, there was nothing in textbooks about how to treat lightning victims.
Now instead of treating lightning patients the same way as people who touch high-voltage wires and are burned, doctors focus more on the neurological damage, said Cooper, professor emerita of emergency medicine at the University of Illinois in Chicago.
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Perhaps the biggest reason deaths are down is because of efforts to teach people not to get hit in the first place.
“We’ve equipped the public by saying, ‘When thunder roars, go indoors.’ Three-year-olds can remember that,” Cooper said.
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Men are four times more likely to be killed by lightning in the U.S. than women, statistics show. Men do riskier things that get them in trouble in storms, Cooper and Jensenius said.
“Our victims are at the wrong place at the wrong time. The wrong place is anywhere outside. The wrong time is anywhere that you can hear thunder,” said Jensenius.
In July — the deadliest month for lightning in both Canada and the U.S. — vacationers Andre Bauldock and Lamar Rayfield were on a beach in Florida when a thunderstorm rolled in.
“We ignored it. We were just thinking it was going to pass over soon,” recalled Bauldock. “We could see the sun in the distance. I was admiring the lightning out in the ocean and I thought it was far away.”
The next thing Bauldock remembers is waking up in a parking lot surrounded by people. He was told the lightning struck his friend’s stomach and then hit him. They both fell over. Rayfield eventually died.
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An analysis of 352 U.S. lightning deaths from 2006 to 2016 found people were most often doing something near water — fishing, camping and beach activities — when they were hit. Golf doesn’t even crack the top dozen activities, but soccer does, said Jensenius.
James Church was hit earlier this year in Florida as his first fishing cast of the day flew through the air.
“I woke up. I couldn’t move. It was like an elephant sitting on me — not a single muscle would work,” Church recalled. “My eyes were working, my brain was working … I couldn’t feel anything.”
When thunder roars, go indoors
The safest place to be in a thunderstorm is indoors. Stay inside until 30 minutes passes after the last roar of thunder.
If you’re going to be outside, pay attention to the forecast and track the weather via smartphone apps, weather radio or other devices. Have a plan for what to do and where you’ll go if lightning starts to strike.
What’s safe and what’s not
Closed-door vehicles, like cars, are safe in lightning. It’s not the rubber tires but the metal roof and sides that protect you. So if lightning strikes your vehicle, avoid touching the frame or doors. Motorcycles, bicycles and cars with fiberglass shells offer no protection from lightning.
Open-ended picnic shelters, tents and dugouts are not safe places in storms. If you are stuck outside, avoid open fields such as tops of hills. Stay away from isolated trees or towers. Stay away from water.
Indoors
Stay away from corded phones. Cellular phones are safe. Don’t touch electrical equipment such as computers, TVs or cords. Remote controls are safe.
Avoid plumbing. Do not wash your hands, shower or hand-wash dishes.