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Giant sunspot erupts with large solar flare, chance of northern lights

The northern lights as seen southwest of Saskatoon, Sask., near the Gardiner Dam, on the night of Nov. 6/7.
The northern lights as seen southwest of Saskatoon, Sask., near the Gardiner Dam, on the night of Nov. 6/7. Garry Stone

TORONTO – An earth-facing sunspot erupted on Tuesday, sending plasma careening into space, on a direct path to Earth.

The result? The cancellation of a rocket launch…and the chance of northern lights across Canada.

An X1 solar flare erupted from the sunspot on Tuesday, sending fast-moving particles into space. They are set to arrive in the early hours of Thursday morning.

The sunspot group here, called AR1944, is one of the largest sunspots in the past 10 years. (SOHO). SOHO

READ MORE: Watch: Northern lights viewed from airplane

Solar flares are measured by the amount of x-rays they emit, which is classified by the letters C, M and to the strongest, X. They eject plasma and other particles into space. Propelled by the solar wind, they can arrive within minutes.

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The arrival of a coronal mass ejection associated with a solar flare is heading towards Earth (green dot). NOAA/Space Weather Prediction Center

In this case, the flare also propelled a coronal mass ejection (CME). A CME is a release of plasma and particles, which can eject a billion tons of matter and travel at several million kilometres per hour.

The particles from an X1 solar flare strikes satellite. (SOHO)
The particles from an X1 solar flare strikes satellite. (SOHO). SOHO

As Earth is within the path of the CME and X1 flare, once those particles arrive they will interact with our magnetic field, raising the possibility of northern lights.

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Aside from putting on a spectacular light show, the particles can have a detrimental effect on humans and electronics.

Because of this, early Wednesday morning, Orbital Sciences Corp. decided to scrub a launch of a cargo spacecraft that was headed to the International Space Station. Though the cargo ship itself would not be affected, radiation from the solar activity could affect the Antares rocket’s avionics.

If you happen to have clear skies and you’re up around 3 a.m. EST (and you’re free of the dreaded polar vortex) step outside and look up. You may be treated to a great show.

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