The demonstrations began after Spain's Supreme Court sentenced nine politicians and activists who were behind Catalan's 2017 separatism movement up to 13 years in jail.

Thousands of people held gatherings near Spanish offices, which turned into with protesters hurling firecrackers and other objects at anti-riot officers and kicking temporary fences around the official buildings over the conviction of a dozen Catalan separatist leaders.

Police fired rubber bullets near at least one Barcelona polling station, and have clashed with protesters throughout Catalonia.