ABOVE: A US scientist who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday said that he wasn’t quite sure how to welcome the honour.
STOCKHOLM – Americans Eric Betzig and William Moerner and German scientist Stefan Hell won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday for developing new methods that let microscopes see finer details than they could before.
The three scientists were cited for “the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy,” which the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said had bypassed the maximum resolution of traditional optical microscopes.
“Their ground-breaking work has brought optical microscopy into the nanodimension,” the academy said.
Betzig, 54, works at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Ashburn, Virginia. Hell, 51, is director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Goettingen, Germany. Moerner, 61, is a professor at Stanford University in California.
For a long time optical microscopes were limited by among other things the wavelength of light. So scientists believed they could never yield a resolution better than 0.2 micrometers.
But helped by fluorescent molecules, the three scientists were able to break that limit, taking optical microscopy into a “new dimension” that made it possible to study the interplay between molecules inside cells, including the aggregation of disease-related proteins, the academy said.
Each of the laureates has used these methods to study the tiniest components of life.
Hell has studied nerve cells to get a better understanding of brain synapses; Moerner has studied proteins related to Huntington’s disease; and Betzig has tracked cell division inside embryos, the academy said.
“I was totally surprised, I couldn’t believe it,” Hell said after learning he had won. “Fortunately I remembered the voice of Nordmark and I realized it was real,” he added, referring to the Permanent Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
WATCH: Stanford professor William E. Moerner is sharing the Nobel Prize for Chemistry with two other scientists for developing ways to dramatically improve the resolution of optical microscopes.
The Associated Press broke the news to Moerner’s wife, Sharon, who then called her husband at a conference in Brazil to break the news to him. “I’m delighted, thrilled. I had no idea it would be these three individuals,” Sharon Moerner said.
Last year’s chemistry prize went to three U.S.-based scientists who developed powerful computer models that researchers use to understand complex chemical interactions and create new drugs.
This year’s Nobel announcements started Monday with U.S.-British scientist John O’Keefe splitting the medicine award with Norwegian couple May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser for breakthroughs in brain cell research that could pave the way for a better understanding of diseases like Alzheimer’s.
On Tuesday, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano of Japan and Japanese-born U.S. scientist Shuji Nakamura won physics award for the invention of blue light-emitting diodes a breakthrough that spurred the development of LED technology that can be used to light up homes and offices and the screens of mobile phones, computers and TVs.
The Nobel Prize in literature will be announced Thursday, followed by the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday and the economics prize on Monday.
The prizes are always handed out in ceremonies on Dec. 10, the date that prize founder Alfred Nobel died in 1896. A wealthy Swedish industrialist who invented dynamite, Nobel wanted his awards to honour those who “have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind,” but gave only vague instructions on how to select winners.
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Alex Chihak in Phoenix contributed to this report.
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