The U.S. Federal Reserve slashed rates back to near zero, restarted bond buying and joined with other central banks to ensure liquidity in dollar lending to help put a floor under a rapidly disintegrating global economy during the escalating coronavirus pandemic.
And in a dramatic move that underscored the depth of the economic threat as businesses shutter and potentially millions of jobs evaporate, the Fed encouraged banks to tap trillions of dollars in equity and liquid assets built up as capital buffers since the financial crisis to support firms and people whose lives have been upended by the virus.
“The effects of the coronavirus will weigh on economic activity in the near term and pose risks to the economic outlook,” the Fed said as it cut short-term rates to a target range of 0 per cent to 0.25 per cent and said it would buy at least US$700 billion in Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities in coming weeks.
“The Committee expects to maintain this target range until it is confident that the economy has weathered recent events and is on track to achieve its maximum employment and price stability goals,” the Fed said.
The Fed and other major foreign central banks also cut pricing on their swap lines to make it easier to provide dollars to financial institutions around the world facing stress in credit markets.
Sebastian Galy, senior strategist for Nordea in Luxembourg, said the action amounted to an implicit acknowledgement that the outbreak was bringing economic activity in the United States and abroad to a “sudden stop.”
And Julia Coronado, president of MacroPolicy Perspectives and a former Fed economist, said she thought still more help may be on the way.
“I think this is the start and not the full scope of what we’re going to see,” she said, adding that the Fed may coordinate with Treasury to launch other emergency lending tools, including one aimed to add liquidity to short-term corporate credit markets.
VIRUS RESPONSE
The virus’ march across America from Washington to California to New York has closed schools, sparked runs on grocery stores, shuttered restaurants and retailers, and put an end to sports events big and small, and America’s top infectious disease expert Dr. Anthony Fauci warned Sunday that the conditions would likely get worse before they get better.
Sunday’s dramatic steps show “the Fed is serious, the Fed is targeting the liquidity in the credit markets and Treasury markets and trying to make certain that they operate without dislocation,” said Quincy Krosby, chief market strategist at Prudential Financial in New York.
S&P 500 index futures were trading 5% down, the maximum allowed drop. The dollar dropped. U.S. crude fell more than $1 per barrel to hit a session low. And U.S. 10-year Treasury note futures prices opened more than 1 point higher.
On Sunday, the Fed took further steps to boost liquidity in the U.S. financial system.
It lowered the primary credit rate by 150 basis points to 0.25 percent in order to encourage banks to tap its emergency lending window. Depository institutions may borrow from this so-called discount window for periods as long as 90 days, pre-payable and renewable by the borrower on a daily basis, it said.
The Fed also said it would support U.S. banks that began to tap the capital and liquidity buffers they built up in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis and would reduce reserve requirement ratios to 0 per cent effective on March 26.
“This action eliminates reserve requirements for thousands of depository institutions and will help to support lending to households and businesses,” the Fed said.
Policymakers were due to hold their next interest-rate setting meeting until Tuesday and Wednesday.
President Donald Trump called the actions “good news” that “makes me very happy.”
It was the third time this month the U.S. central bank took emergency action to protect financial markets and the economy.
On March 3, it cut interest rates by a half of a percentage point and last week in the face of an accelerating market meltdown it injected cash into short-term funding markets and launched a wave of Treasury security purchases.